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Anti-VEGF therapy is a medical treatment designed to inhibit the activity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a protein responsible for the formation of abnormal blood vessels. VEGF plays a critical role in diseases characterized by excessive or leaky blood vessel growth, particularly in the eye.

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Conditions such as wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular edema, and retinal vein occlusion involve abnormal vessel growth that leads to fluid leakage, swelling, and vision loss. Anti-VEGF drugs, such as ranibizumab, bevacizumab, and aflibercept, are administered via intravitreal injections directly into the eye, where they bind to VEGF molecules and prevent them from promoting the growth of harmful blood vessels. By blocking VEGF, these medications reduce fluid accumulation in the retina, slow disease progression, and, in many cases, improve visual acuity. The treatment typically requires repeated injections over time, depending on the severity of the disease and the patient’s response. Anti-VEGF therapy has transformed the management of retinal diseases by offering a targeted, non-surgical approach to controlling vision-threatening complications. While generally safe, some risks include eye irritation, infection, or increased intraocular pressure, making regular monitoring essential. Overall, anti-VEGF therapy represents a significant advancement in preserving vision and improving quality of life for patients with retinal vascular disorders, shifting care from reactive treatments like laser therapy to proactive, precision-targeted interventions.